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Kaiten Nage (rotary throw) is one of the canonical aikido throws — a spiral throw in which the aikidoka guides the opponent's head down toward the ground while the opponent's arm is extended overhead,...

The Parry of Quarte is the most fundamental defensive action in Western fencing, deflecting attacks directed to the inside high line — the area of the chest and torso on the sword-arm side — by moving...

The Oblique Front Kick is a downward-angled kick directed at approximately 45 degrees into the opponent's lead knee, thigh, or shin, using a stomping or pushing motion that attacks the structural inte...

The Strike class encompasses all combat techniques in which a fighter delivers percussive force to an opponent using a part of the body — fist, elbow, knee, shin, foot, or head — to cause damage, crea...

The Standard Angle Off executes the fundamental angle-off step where the defender pivots on the lead foot and steps the rear foot to the side, rotating the body approximately 45 degrees off the line o...

The mount is the most dominant ground position in grappling, where one fighter sits astride the opponent's torso with knees planted on either side, applying gravitational pressure and controlling the ...

Tenchi Nage (heaven and earth throw) is one of the canonical aikido throws — a bidirectional throw in which one of the opponent's hands is driven up (heaven, ten 天) while the other is driven down (ear...

Rolling Sacrifice, or Makikomi Waza, is the family of sacrifice throws in which tori wraps their body around uke and rolls through the throw, using rotational momentum and body-weight entanglement to ...

Tenbin Nage (literally 'scale-beam throw') is an aikido throw that off-balances the opponent by hyperextending their elbow joint while levering against the shoulder, treating the opponent's straighten...

The Weapon class encompasses all fighting techniques that employ an external implement — whether bladed, blunt, flexible, or projectile — as the primary means of offence and defence. [1] Weapon-based ...

The Defence class encompasses all techniques designed to prevent, neutralise, or mitigate an opponent's offensive actions across all ranges and phases of combat. [1] Defence is the complementary pilla...

The Wrestling Throw group encompasses the high-amplitude throwing techniques characteristic of Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, and their derivatives as applied in combat sports. [1,2] Unli...

The Traditional-Other Throw group encompasses throwing techniques from martial arts traditions outside the primary Japanese judo framework, including throws from sambo, sanda (Chinese kickboxing), and...

Sambo Throw is the family of throwing techniques characteristic of sport sambo and combat sambo, which combine elements of judo, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, and the folk wrestling trad...

Shuai Jiao Throw is the family of throwing techniques from shuai jiao, the traditional Chinese wrestling art that is widely regarded as one of the oldest martial arts in the world. [1,2] Shuai jiao th...

The Standard Epee Counter-Attack executes the basic stop hit or time-hit by extending the arm into the path of the attacker, aiming to land the point on the attacker's closest target (typically the ha...

The Foot-Leg Technique Throw group, known in Japanese as ashi-waza, comprises all throwing techniques in which the primary mechanism of force generation is the action of the thrower's foot or leg agai...

Koshi Nage is the aikido hip throw — distinct from judo's koshi-waza in that the entire body, not just the hip, serves as the throwing axis. [1,2] In aikido koshi-nage, the thrower turns deeply under ...

Side Sacrifice, or Yoko Sutemi Waza, is the family of sacrifice throws in which tori falls to their side to execute the technique, using lateral body drop and rotational momentum to throw uke. [1,2] U...

Sanda Throw is the family of throwing techniques used in sanda (also called sanshou), the full-contact Chinese kickboxing format that permits striking and throwing but not sustained ground fighting. [...

Fireman's Carry, known in wrestling as the fireman's carry throw or kata guruma in judo, is a family of throws in which the attacker ducks under the opponent, loads them across their shoulders, and wh...

The Suplex is the family of wrestling throws in which the attacker secures a body lock or waist grip, lifts the opponent off the ground using hip and back extension, and arches backward to slam the op...

The Short Blade group encompasses all combat techniques employing edged weapons shorter than a standard sword, including knives, daggers, and tantō. [1] Short blades have been carried as secondary wea...

The Sword group encompasses all combat techniques employing bladed weapons of sword length, spanning both East Asian and European traditions. [1] This group unifies the Japanese sword arts (kenjutsu, ...

Lateral Drop is a family of wrestling throws in which the attacker secures an upper-body clinch — typically a body lock or over-under position — and falls laterally to one side while arching to lift a...

Headlock Throw is the family of wrestling throws executed from a headlock position, in which the attacker wraps one arm around the opponent's head or neck and uses hip rotation, lateral dropping, or r...

The Hand Technique Throw group, known in Japanese as te-waza, comprises all throwing techniques in which the primary mechanism of the throw is the action of the hands and arms rather than the hips or ...

The Clinch class encompasses all standing grappling positions where two fighters are in direct body-to-body contact, using grips on the opponent's body, limbs, or clothing to control distance, posture...

The Headbutt group encompasses all striking techniques in which the fighter uses the skull — particularly the hard frontal bone above the brow ridge — as an impact weapon to strike the opponent. [1] T...

The Elbow Strike group comprises all striking techniques delivered with the proximal end of the ulna — the hard, bony point of the elbow — making it one of the most devastating close-range weapons in ...

Sok Fan Nah (the Elbow Chop) is the most fundamental elbow strike in Muay Thai, delivered in a diagonal downward arc from high to low, mimicking the swift motion of a sickle clearing a field — a motio...

The Aikido Throw group covers the throwing techniques of aikido — the modern Japanese martial art founded by Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969) that emphasises blending with and redirecting an opponent's ene...

The Kick group encompasses all striking techniques delivered with the leg — using the foot, shin, heel, or knee of the extended leg — to attack an opponent at various ranges and heights. [1] Kicks are...

The Hip Technique Throw group, known in Japanese as koshi-waza, comprises all throwing techniques in which the thrower's hip serves as the primary fulcrum or lifting mechanism, rotating or wheeling th...

Juji Nage (literally 'cross throw' or 'X throw', from juji 十字 — the kanji shape of the cross) is an aikido throw in which the aikidoka crosses the opponent's arms over each other and then off-balances...

Sacrifice Throw, known in Japanese as Sutemi Waza, is the group of throwing techniques in which the thrower deliberately abandons their own standing base to complete the throw. [1] Unlike standing thr...

The inside sankaku (honey hole/saddle) is the apex control position in the modern leg lock hierarchy, where the attacker forms a triangle configuration with their legs inside the opponent's trapped le...

Japanese short staff (jo, approximately 4 feet) techniques blending striking, thrusting, and sweeping, notably systematized in Shinto Muso-ryu.

The Angle Four Strike is a backhand horizontal strike targeting the opponent's right elbow, ribs, or hip (from the attacker's perspective), travelling horizontally from the attacker's left to right. [...

The Chopping Elbow subfamily covers downward elbow strikes delivered on a steep diagonal angle, resembling the motion of a hatchet or cleaver cutting downward and across. [1] Unlike a straight vertica...

The Krav Maga 360 Defence is a comprehensive blocking system that uses six forearm blocking positions arranged around the body to intercept strikes coming from any angle — above, below, left, right, f...

Inside Sankaku (also called the Saddle, Honey Hole, or Game Over position) is the most dominant leg entanglement position in modern grappling — a configuration where the attacker's legs form a triangl...

The Inside Heel Hook Entry covers the specific pathways used to enter inside sankaku (saddle) ashi garami for the inside heel hook — the most dangerous submission in modern grappling. [1] Entries incl...

Seiken Jodan Uke (commonly called Age Uke or Rising Block) is the fundamental karate defence against attacks descending toward the head — overhead strikes, hammer fists, downward bottle or stick attac...

The Standard Reclined Butterfly positions the guard player leaning back at approximately 45 degrees with both butterfly hooks in the opponent's thighs, using the angle to create pulling leverage on th...

The one-wing collar choke combines an underhook through the opponent's armpit ('wing' control) with a cross-collar grip on the opposite side to create an asymmetric strangle from back control or mount...

Single wing lapel chokes use one arm threaded under the opponent's armpit (creating a 'wing' control) while the other hand grips the collar to apply a strangle from back control. [1,2] The one-wing co...

Seiken Gedan Barai (commonly called Gedan Barai or Low Block) is the fundamental downward sweeping block in traditional karate, deflecting attacks directed at the lower body — low punches, front kicks...

Sleeve-assisted rear strangles use the attacker's own gi sleeve — threaded behind the opponent's head — as a fulcrum or lever to enhance forearm compression from back control. [1,2] The sleeve wheel c...

The Oblique Back Side Kick is delivered diagonally backward at approximately 45 degrees, combining the mechanics of a back kick with the thrusting trajectory of a side kick. [1] This angle is optimal ...