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The Standard Fifty-Fifty positions both fighters with one underhook and one overhook each, heads positioned on the underhook side, with hips squared and active. [1] The position is neutral — both figh...

The Leg Entanglement (Ashi Garami) family covers the system of leg-on-leg control positions that serve as the platform for all modern leg lock attacks — the positional hierarchy that revolutionised su...

The Elbow Strike group comprises all striking techniques delivered with the proximal end of the ulna — the hard, bony point of the elbow — making it one of the most devastating close-range weapons in ...

Sacrifice Throw, known in Japanese as Sutemi Waza, is the group of throwing techniques in which the thrower deliberately abandons their own standing base to complete the throw. [1] Unlike standing thr...

The Traditional-Other Throw group encompasses throwing techniques from martial arts traditions outside the primary Japanese judo framework, including throws from sambo, sanda (Chinese kickboxing), and...

The Wrestling Throw group encompasses the high-amplitude throwing techniques characteristic of Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, and their derivatives as applied in combat sports. [1,2] Unli...

The Strike class encompasses all combat techniques in which a fighter delivers percussive force to an opponent using a part of the body — fist, elbow, knee, shin, foot, or head — to cause damage, crea...

The knee slice pass is the single most common guard pass in modern competitive BJJ, where the passer's shin acts as a wedge splitting the opponent's legs at a 45-degree diagonal angle while upper body...

Pain compliance holds are submission techniques that generate sustained pain through pressure, pinching, or grinding — without directly threatening a joint, blood supply, or airway. [5] The goal is to...

The Angle Strike subfamily covers the numbered angles of attack that form the fundamental offensive framework of Filipino martial arts, with each angle representing a specific trajectory and target. [...

The Suplex is the family of wrestling throws in which the attacker secures a body lock or waist grip, lifts the opponent off the ground using hip and back extension, and arches backward to slam the op...

The Lift Kick is a short-range upward scooping kick delivered with minimal or no chambering, targeting the groin with a fast upward arc of the foot from the ground. [1] Unlike a standard front kick th...

The Toe Hold is a foot lock submission that attacks the ankle and foot by gripping the opponent's toes/ball of foot and rotating the foot outward (or inward) using a figure-four grip — creating torsio...

The Leg Lock family encompasses all joint lock submissions targeting the hip, knee, or ankle joints of the lower extremity — including heel hooks, kneebars, toe holds, calf slicers, and straight ankle...

The Angle Five Strike is a straight thrust (estocada) directed at the opponent's centreline — typically the solar plexus, throat, or face — delivered by driving the tip of the stick or blade straight ...

The Oblique Front Kick is a downward-angled kick directed at approximately 45 degrees into the opponent's lead knee, thigh, or shin, using a stomping or pushing motion that attacks the structural inte...

The Half-Pivot Hook Kick uses only a 90-degree pivot rather than the standard hook kick's full 180-degree turn, enabling significantly faster delivery at closer range at the cost of reduced power. [1]...

The Spin-Back Side Kick combines a full 180-degree spin with a thrusting side kick, generating tremendous rotational power that makes it one of the most powerful kicks in any martial art. [1] The prac...

Submissions are techniques that force an opponent to concede defeat — typically by tapping out — through the application of joint locks, chokes, strangles, cranks, compression locks, or pain complianc...

The standard rear naked choke (hadaka-jime) is one of the most fundamental and highest-percentage rear strangles in grappling. [1,2] From back control, the attacker wraps one arm around the opponent's...

The classic rear naked choke is the standard figure-four configuration of hadaka-jime, where the choking arm wraps around the opponent's neck under the chin, with the bicep and forearm targeting the c...

Sleeve-assisted forearm strangles use the attacker's own gi sleeve as a fulcrum against the throat while the opposite arm provides compression from behind the head. [1,2] The Ezekiel choke (sode-gurum...

Thrust lapel chokes involve driving the fist or forearm into the opponent's throat using the collar as a grip anchor. [1,2] The attacker grips the collar with one or both hands and thrusts forward, pr...

The thrust lapel choke drives the fist, knuckles, or forearm into the opponent's throat using the collar as a grip anchor. [1,2] The attacker grips the collar with one or both hands and thrusts forwar...

The D'Arce choke (also called the Brabo choke) is a front headlock arm triangle where the attacker threads one arm under the opponent's armpit, across the neck, and locks a figure-four grip with the o...

The Marcelotine is a guillotine choke performed without the opponent's arm trapped inside, using a high elbow position over the opponent's trapezius to create direct blade-of-wrist pressure on the tra...

The anaconda choke is a front headlock arm triangle where the attacker threads one arm around the opponent's neck, under the far armpit, and locks a figure-four grip to create bilateral carotid compre...

Shin-over-neck chokes use the shin or calf placed across the opponent's throat from guard positions to create choking pressure using leg strength. [1,2] The gogoplata is the most famous technique: fro...

The gogoplata is a guard-based choke where the attacker places their shin across the opponent's throat and pulls the head down onto the shin using an overhook or hands behind the head. [1,2] From rubb...

The triangular strangle (sankaku-jime) is the primary triangle choke — the attacker locks a figure-four with the legs around the opponent's head and one arm, squeezing the thighs together to compress ...

The triangle choke (sankaku-jime) traps the opponent's head and one arm inside a triangular leg configuration — one leg across the back of the neck, the ankle locked behind the opposite knee — creatin...

The face crank applies pressure across the opponent's face — typically the chin, jaw, or nose — to force cervical hyperextension and create intense pain. [1,2,3] The attacker clasps hands under or acr...

The can opener is a cervical flexion crank applied from inside the opponent's closed guard by clasping both hands behind the opponent's head and forcefully driving the chin toward the chest. [1,2,3] T...

The cradle neck crank combines a wrestling cradle — where the attacker links the opponent's head and leg together — with cervical flexion pressure. [1,2,3] The attacker clasps hands connecting the hea...

Finger locks are small-joint manipulation techniques that isolate and hyperextend, hyperflex, or laterally deviate one or more fingers beyond their anatomical range. [1,2] Techniques include single-fi...

Ankle locks are submissions that attack the ankle joint — primarily by hyperextending the talocrural joint (straight ankle lock) or rotating the subtalar joint (toe hold). [1,3] The straight ankle loc...

Spine locks target the vertebral column — cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine — by applying compression, torsion, or hyperextension forces to the spinal segments. [1,2] These are among the most danger...

Spine cranks apply rotational or lateral bending force to the vertebral column, twisting or side-bending the spine beyond its normal range. [1,2] The twister (lateral rotation of the thoracolumbar spi...

Wrist locks target the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints of the wrist, applying hyperflexion, hyperextension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, or rotational (pronation/supination) force to submit the...

Supination-pronation torsion locks twist the forearm along its longitudinal axis, rotating the radius around the ulna and stressing the radioulnar joints and associated ligaments. [1,2] Sankyo (三教, th...

The Aikido Throw group covers the throwing techniques of aikido — the modern Japanese martial art founded by Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969) that emphasises blending with and redirecting an opponent's ene...

The Foot-Leg Technique Throw group, known in Japanese as ashi-waza, comprises all throwing techniques in which the primary mechanism of force generation is the action of the thrower's foot or leg agai...

The Hand Technique Throw group, known in Japanese as te-waza, comprises all throwing techniques in which the primary mechanism of the throw is the action of the hands and arms rather than the hips or ...

The Hip Technique Throw group, known in Japanese as koshi-waza, comprises all throwing techniques in which the thrower's hip serves as the primary fulcrum or lifting mechanism, rotating or wheeling th...

Side Sacrifice, or Yoko Sutemi Waza, is the family of sacrifice throws in which tori falls to their side to execute the technique, using lateral body drop and rotational momentum to throw uke. [1,2] U...

The Weapon class encompasses all fighting techniques that employ an external implement — whether bladed, blunt, flexible, or projectile — as the primary means of offence and defence. [1] Weapon-based ...

The Standard Epee Attack executes the fundamental offensive thrust in epee by extending the sword arm fully toward the target while advancing with a lunge or fleche, aiming to land the point with suff...

The Filipino Martial Art group encompasses the weapon-based and empty-hand fighting systems indigenous to the Philippines, known collectively as Arnis, Eskrima, or Kali. [1] These arts represent one o...

The Single Stick (Solo Baston) family covers all techniques using a single rattan stick, which is the core weapon and primary training tool of Filipino martial arts. [1] Solo baston is the foundation ...

The Sword group encompasses all combat techniques employing bladed weapons of sword length, spanning both East Asian and European traditions. [1] This group unifies the Japanese sword arts (kenjutsu, ...