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The HEMA Counter family encompasses the defensive-offensive techniques of the German longsword tradition — actions that simultaneously defend against an incoming attack and deliver a counter-attack. [...

The Standard HEMA Dagger Technique genus represents the fundamental dagger actions taught across HEMA programs — the thrust, the parry, the disarm, and the counter-thrust. [1] Fiore dei Liberi's syste...

The Dagger (HEMA) family covers the European historical dagger combat techniques preserved in medieval and Renaissance fight-books. [1] HEMA dagger fighting is characterised by its integration with ar...

The HEMA Guard family encompasses the named sword guard positions (Huten or Leger) of the German and Italian longsword traditions. [1] Guards are specific positions in which the sword is held relative...

The HEMA Strike family encompasses the offensive cutting techniques (Hauw/Hau) of the German longsword tradition. [1] The Liechtenauer system organizes sword strikes into a hierarchy: the five Meister...

The Halberd-Pollaxe (HEMA) family covers the fighting techniques of European hafted polearms — the pollaxe (a long-handled weapon combining an axe head, hammer, and spike) and the halberd (combining a...

The Standard HEMA Dagger subfamily groups the core techniques of European historical dagger fighting as described in medieval fight-books. [1] These techniques emphasise close-range thrusting, parryin...

European quarterstaff fighting using a 6-8 foot hardwood staff, documented in English and German fight manuals from the medieval period onward.

The HEMA Longsword family covers the two-handed sword techniques of the German Kunst des Fechtens and the Italian school of Fiore dei Liberi, the most widely studied and competitively practised weapon...

The Short Blade group encompasses all combat techniques employing edged weapons shorter than a standard sword, including knives, daggers, and tantō. [1] Short blades have been carried as secondary wea...

The Rapier family covers the combat techniques of the rapier, the long, slender, thrusting-oriented sword that dominated European civilian swordsmanship from the mid-sixteenth through seventeenth cent...

Core quarterstaff techniques from historical European sources including strikes, thrusts, and parries.

The Liechtenauer Cut subfamily covers the primary cutting techniques of HEMA longsword fencing, anchored in the German tradition's five master cuts (Fünf Meisterhäue) — Zornhau, Krumphau, Zwerchhau, S...

The Grappling at the Sword (Ringen am Schwert) subfamily covers the close-quarters wrestling techniques performed while both combatants retain their longswords, a distinctive feature of German HEMA th...

The Polearm group encompasses all fighting techniques using long-shafted weapons — typically ranging from five to twelve feet in length — that combine reach advantage with the leverage provided by a l...

Absetzen (Setting Aside) is a HEMA longsword counter-technique where the fighter simultaneously parries an incoming cut and delivers a thrust in a single motion. [1] Rather than blocking first and the...

The Weapon class encompasses all fighting techniques that employ an external implement — whether bladed, blunt, flexible, or projectile — as the primary means of offence and defence. [1] Weapon-based ...

The Hanging Guard (Hangetort) is a HEMA longsword guard position where the sword is held with the point hanging downward, typically with the hands above the head or at shoulder height and the blade an...

Schrankhut (Barrier Guard) is a HEMA longsword guard where the sword is held low with the blade crossed in front of the body, creating a barrier between the fighter and the opponent. [1] The sword is ...

The Unterhau (rising cut) travels from below upward, targeting the opponent's arms, chin, or torso from a low guard (Alber or similar). [1] The Unterhau is the natural complement to the Oberhau, and a...

The Standard Halberd-Pollaxe subfamily covers the fundamental techniques of European hafted polearm combat as described in the historical fight books: guards (posta), strikes with both the axe head an...

The Standard Halberd Technique executes the core pollaxe actions: the overhead strike (delivering the axe head or hammer to the opponent's head or shoulders), the thrust (driving the top spike at the ...

Fundamental quarterstaff technique combining half-staff grip, overhead strikes, low sweeps, and thrust-based attacks.

The Standard Ringen am Schwert technique encompasses the fundamental grappling actions at sword range: the pommel strike (Mordschlag), crossguard hooks, half-swording transitions, and disarms executed...

The Guard (Huten) subfamily covers the four principal guards (Vier Leger) of the German longsword tradition — Vom Tag, Ochs, Pflug, and Alber — which form the positional framework from which all attac...

Alber (the fool) is the low guard that positions the longsword with the point directed toward the ground in front of the fencer, arms extended downward. [1] Alber is considered a provocative or 'fooli...

Ochs (the ox) is a high guard that positions the longsword beside the head with the point aimed at the opponent's face or upper chest, hilt at temple height. [1] Ochs threatens an immediate thrust to ...

Pflug (the plough) positions the longsword at hip level with the point aimed at the opponent's chest or throat, resembling the forward-pointing share of a plough. [1] Pflug is the mirror image of Ochs...

Vom Tag ('from the roof' or 'from the day') is the high guard that raises the longsword above or behind the head, poised to deliver powerful descending cuts. [1] Vom Tag is the most aggressive of the ...

The Crooked Cut, delivered with crossed wrists to strike with the short edge, used to break the opponent's Ochs guard.

The Oberhau (descending cut) is the fundamental overhead cut of German longsword fencing, delivered from a high guard (Vom Tag or similar) downward to the opponent's head, shoulder, or arm. [1] The Ob...

The Zornhau (wrath cut) is the first and most important of Liechtenauer's five master cuts — a powerful diagonal descending cut from the dominant shoulder to the opponent's opposite side, delivered wi...

The Zwerchhau (cross cut or thwart cut) is a horizontal cut delivered with the short edge (false edge) by rotating the hands so the hilt rises and the blade travels horizontally across the opponent's ...

The Winding (Winden) subfamily covers the blade manipulation techniques performed when two longswords are crossed in the bind (Binden), one of the most distinctive and sophisticated aspects of the Ger...

Standard Winding (Winden) is the fundamental blade-rotation technique of the German longsword tradition: from the bind, the fencer turns the sword by rotating the short edge toward the opponent and dr...

The Standard Military Sabre Cut delivers the curved blade's edge in a powerful slashing arc, typically targeting the opponent's head, shoulder, or sword arm, generated by a combination of arm extensio...

The Military Sabre Guard subfamily covers the defensive positions and parrying stances used with the military sabre, typically numbering between three and seven guards depending on the national tradit...

The Standard Military Sabre Guard positions the sabre with the blade raised and angled to protect the head and dominant side, the arm slightly bent, and the point threatening the opponent's face — a b...

The Disengage is the most fundamental indirect attack in Western fencing — a blade movement that passes the point under the opponent's blade to change the line of attack from one side to the other, de...

The Rapier Cut subfamily covers the cutting actions of rapier fencing, which, though secondary to thrusting, were an important component of the rapier's tactical repertoire. [1] Rapier cuts are delive...

The Standard Rapier Cut delivers the rapier's edge in a drawing or slashing motion against the opponent's exposed target, most commonly the hand, wrist, or forearm. [1] Unlike the heavy cuts of a long...

The Rapier Guard subfamily covers the four primary guard positions of Italian rapier fencing — Prima, Seconda, Terza, and Quarta — each named for the hand position (first through fourth) and correspon...

The Riposte is the offensive action delivered immediately after a successful parry, completing the defensive-offensive cycle that is the foundation of fencing tactics — the defender parries the incomi...

Quarta (fourth guard) positions the hand with the palm facing upward (supinated), the blade angled across the body to protect the inside low line and threaten a thrust to the opponent's flank or abdom...

Seconda (second guard) positions the hand with the palm facing outward (pronated), the blade angled to protect the outside low line and threaten a thrust beneath the opponent's arm. [1] Seconda is a p...

Terza (third guard) positions the hand with the palm facing to the right (half-supinated), the blade extended along the centreline to threaten the opponent's chest or face. [1] Terza is the most neutr...

The Rapier Thrust subfamily covers the thrusting techniques that form the core offensive repertoire of rapier fencing, the rapier being designed primarily as a thrusting weapon. [1] Italian rapier mas...

The Counter Thrust is a defensive-offensive action in rapier fencing where the fencer parries or evades an incoming attack and delivers an immediate thrust in response, embodying the principle of a si...

The Direct Thrust (stoccata) drives the rapier point straight forward along the centreline toward the opponent's chest, throat, or face, initiated by extending the sword arm and followed by the body a...

The Lunge is the fundamental attacking movement in Western fencing, combining a full arm extension with a powerful forward drive of the body to deliver a thrust across a distance greater than the fenc...