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The Small Roundhouse Kick is a tight, compact variant of the roundhouse kick that uses a shortened circular arc and minimal hip rotation, optimised for close range where a full roundhouse kick would b...

Small Wrap Hand (小纏手, Xiǎo Chán Shǒu — "small wrap/coil hand") is an outward-rotating wrist lock from Chinese Qin Na (擒拿, the joint-locking art embedded across Chinese martial styles), documented by D...

The Small Heel Back Hook Kick is a short-range hook kick striking with the heel in a tight arc, optimised for close-quarters fighting. [1] The compact motion and hard heel striking surface make it eff...

Finger locks are small-joint manipulation techniques that isolate and hyperextend, hyperflex, or laterally deviate one or more fingers beyond their anatomical range. [1,2] Techniques include single-fi...

Grip and finger locks are submission techniques that target the small joints of the hand — the fingers and thumb — by hyperextending, hyperflexing, or twisting individual digits or groups of digits be...

Submissions are techniques that force an opponent to concede defeat — typically by tapping out — through the application of joint locks, chokes, strangles, cranks, compression locks, or pain complianc...

The Disengage is the most fundamental indirect attack in Western fencing — a blade movement that passes the point under the opponent's blade to change the line of attack from one side to the other, de...

Ko Uchi Gari (minor inner reap) is a judo ashi-waza technique in which the thrower reaps the opponent's near leg from the inside, using a small, quick hooking or sweeping action against the inner ankl...

Ko Soto Gari (minor outer reap) is a foot sweep subfamily where the attacker reaps the opponent's heel or ankle from the outside using the sole of the foot or the heel, while driving the opponent's up...

Ko Soto Gake (minor outer hook) is a judo ashi-waza technique in which the thrower hooks the opponent's heel or ankle from the outside with the sole of the foot, trapping the foot while driving the op...

Joint locks are submission techniques that isolate a joint — elbow, shoulder, knee, ankle, hip, wrist, or spine — and apply force to hyperextend, hyperrotate, or compress it beyond its anatomical rang...

Nerve locks are submission techniques that apply focused pressure directly to nerve bundles or pressure points, causing acute pain without necessarily threatening joint, vascular, or respiratory integ...

The Ko Uchi Gari Trip subfamily applies judo's minor inner reap as a takedown, where the attacker reaps the opponent's inner ankle or lower leg from the inside while directing the upper body backward ...

The Baby Bolo Sweep is a De La Riva guard sweep that uses a small inversion (a 'mini-berimbolo') to off-balance and sweep the opponent without committing to a full berimbolo back-take rotation. [1] Th...

The Uppercut Elbow family groups all elbow strikes delivered on an upward trajectory, where the elbow rises vertically or diagonally from below to strike the opponent's chin, jaw, or body. [1] These t...

The Kouchi-Gari to Ouchi-Gari Combination chains a small inner reap attack to the opponent's lead foot with an immediate large inner reap to the other foot when the opponent steps back. [1]

The Crane Beak Strike bunches all five fingertips together into a single pointed formation — like the beak of a crane — and drives this concentrated point into vulnerable anatomical targets such as th...

Standard Ko Soto Gake executes the classical minor outer hook where the thrower places the sole of the foot behind the opponent's heel from the outside, hooks it to prevent backward stepping, and driv...

Standard Ko Uchi Gari executes the classical minor inner reap where the thrower hooks or sweeps the opponent's near foot from the inside with a quick reaping action of the sole, pulling the foot out f...

The Foot Stomp is a close-range stomping strike delivered onto the top of the opponent's foot, typically executed from the clinch position against the cage in MMA, used to create pain, disrupt the opp...

The Heel Roundhouse Kick is a roundhouse kick variant that strikes with the heel instead of the shin or instep, concentrating the kick's circular force onto a small, hard, bony surface for maximum pen...

The Chopping Low Kick is an outside low kick variation delivered with a steep downward angle, where the shin chops into the opponent's thigh from above rather than sweeping across horizontally. [1] Th...

The Tiger Claw Strike is a Chinese martial arts open-hand technique where the fingers are spread wide and curved like a tiger's claws, striking the opponent's face, throat, or body with the fingertips...

Strikes delivered with an open hand, grouping the traditional striking surfaces of Okinawan and Japanese karate — the spear hand (nukite), palm heel (shotei / teisho), bent wrist (kakuto), arc hand (k...

Koken Uchi is a strike using the top of the bent wrist (koken/kakuto) — the wrist is bent sharply backward and the bony top of the wrist joint is driven into the target. [1] This unusual striking surf...

The Falling Step Punch is a punching method where the fighter initiates a controlled forward fall and times the punch to land at the exact instant the lead foot touches the ground, transferring the fu...

Ippon Ken is a single-knuckle fist strike where the middle finger's knuckle protrudes from the fist to create a concentrated point of impact. [1] The fist is formed by extending the middle finger's se...

Nihon Ken is a karate striking technique using the extended middle and index finger knuckles as the impact surface. [1] The hand forms a partial fist with the index and middle fingers extended at the ...

The Phoenix Eye Fist is a Chinese martial arts striking technique where the index finger knuckle is extended beyond the other knuckles to form a single protruding point, creating a concentrated striki...

The ten-finger guillotine from standing snap-down is a no-arm-trapped variant where the attacker clasps all ten fingers together around the opponent's neck without trapping an arm inside the loop. [1]...

The elbow-fulcrum headlock choke uses the point of the attacker's elbow as the primary fulcrum against the opponent's neck from a front headlock position. [1] The attacker wraps the opponent's head, t...

The anaconda choke from front headlock with hip-walk finish uses a slow, grinding hip-walking motion to tighten the strangle rather than a rolling transition. [1] After establishing the anaconda arm w...

The Toe Hold is a foot lock submission that attacks the ankle and foot by gripping the opponent's toes/ball of foot and rotating the foot outward (or inward) using a figure-four grip — creating torsio...

Wrist locks target the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints of the wrist, applying hyperflexion, hyperextension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, or rotational (pronation/supination) force to submit the...

The figure-four wrist lock from seated guard is a flexion submission where the attacker uses a figure-four grip configuration to isolate and bend the opponent's wrist from a bottom guard or seated pos...

The gooseneck wrist lock from guard is applied by the bottom player who traps the opponent's hand and bends the wrist into flexion while simultaneously curling the fingers, creating the distinctive cu...

Kote Gaeshi (小手返し, "wrist turn-out") is an outward-rotating wrist technique in which the practitioner turns the opponent's hand outward — combining forearm supination with wrist flexion — to load the ...

The Epee Parry subfamily covers all blade-deflection actions in epee, where the fencer uses their blade to redirect or block an incoming thrust before responding with a riposte. [1] Parries in epee mu...

The Disengage Attack is an indirect attack where the fencer passes the blade under or around the opponent's blade to change the line of engagement and deliver a thrust to the newly opened line. [1] Th...

The Disengage Thrust (cavazione) is a rapier attack that deceives the opponent's parry by passing the blade under or over the opponent's guard to thrust into the newly opened line. [1] The cavazione i...

Bottom Escape covers all techniques for escaping inferior bottom positions where the opponent has established dominant top control — the defensive survival skills that keep a fighter in the fight afte...

Techniques for throwing spear-like projectiles, from ancient javelins to smaller darts, used across historical military and tribal combat traditions.

The En Garde is the fundamental ready position in modern Olympic fencing — feet at right angles with the front foot pointing toward the opponent, rear foot perpendicular and roughly shoulder-width beh...

The Fundamental Elbow Strike family covers elbow-striking techniques across all martial arts traditions — the most devastating close-range weapon in combat sports, using the sharp point and hard bone ...

The Inward-Tilted Front Kick is a front kick with a trajectory change at the end from outside inward, creating a hybrid between a front kick and a small roundhouse. [1] The kick starts with a regular ...

The Switch Front Kick is a front kick executed after a rapid switch of the legs, delivering what is effectively a rear-leg-power kick from the front-leg position. [1] From fighting stance, a small hop...

The MMA Takedown family covers takedowns specifically adapted for mixed martial arts competition, where striking threats, the cage wall, and small gloves fundamentally alter takedown mechanics compare...

The Foot Sweep group covers throwing techniques where the thrower uses their foot or leg to sweep, reap, hook, or trip the opponent's supporting leg, causing them to lose balance and fall — the most t...

The Standard Wall Walk subfamily describes the fundamental wall walking technique where the attacker uses alternating underhook pummel, hip positioning, and cage pressure to climb from a lower or neut...

The Standard Shell covers the head by placing both hands over the ears and temples, tucking the chin to the chest, and bringing the elbows together in front of the face, creating a compact protective ...