8 TYPES OF KAMAE (STANCE)
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Kamae — Stance·SAMURAI KAZ ARTS / KAZ KOBAYASHI
8TYPES OF KAMAE (STANCE) These are the 8 fundamental kamae or stances in samurai sword martial arts. Once you learn t…
Перевод: Stances / Postures
Дистанция и классификация
Дистанция
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Обзор
The Kamae subfamily encompasses the five standard sword guards (go-gyō-no-kamae) used across Japanese sword arts — chūdan, jōdan, gedan, hassō, and waki-gamae. [1] Each kamae positions the sword to defend specific lines while threatening others, creating a matrix of tactical options for attack, defence, and counter-attack. [1],[2] Kamae are not static postures but dynamic states from which techniques flow; the choice of kamae communicates intent and invites or denies specific opponent actions. [2],[3]
История и происхождение
The five kamae system is attributed to the classical koryū traditions, with Miyamoto Musashi's Book of Five Rings (1645) providing one of the most influential discussions of guard positions and their tactical applications. [1] The five guards correspond to the five elements (gogyō) in Japanese philosophy — earth, water, fire, wind, and void. [2],[3]
Страна происхождения· показано в случайном порядке
- Япония構えКэндзюцу, Кэндо, Иайдо
Эффективность
Kamae (stances) in Japanese sword arts serve as both defensive postures and platforms for attack, with each kamae controlling different lines and enabling different techniques. [1]
Родословная
Соревновательные результаты
In kendo competition, chūdan no kamae is used by the vast majority of competitors, while jōdan no kamae is a specialised stance used by some elite competitors. [1]
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Биомеханический механизм
Primary Action — Cutting, thrusting, or striking with a bladed weapon — edge alignment and trajectory determine cutting effectiveness
Joints Involved — Wrists (edge alignment and rotation), elbows (extension for thrusts, chambering for cuts), shoulders (arc of the cut), hips (power generation)
Force Vector — Varies — downward diagonal cut (kesa-giri), horizontal cut (yoko-giri), thrust (tsuki), or rising cut (kiri-age)
Weapon Mechanic — Edge alignment (hasuji) is critical — the blade must travel along its cutting plane for effective cuts
Позиция и вход
From ready stance (chudan-no-kamae or equivalent) — Assume guard position, establish distance (ma-ai), execute the cut or thrust when an opening appears
From engagement distance — Use footwork to close to striking range, execute the technique with proper edge alignment (hasuji)
As counter — Wait for the opponent's attack, deflect or avoid, and counter-cut to the exposed target
Видео
NAGINATA BASICS - 01 KAMAE (Stance)
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Kamae — Stance·Naginata Israel
How to do correct kamae in Naginata. By Gur Nedzvetsky, 3rd dan.
2 videos
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Оценки
Риск травмы для человека, к которому применяется техника
9
Экстремальный9/10
Edged weapons cause fatal lacerations; historical battlefield mortality rates >30% (Amberger 1999)
Уровень мастерства, необходимый для надёжного выполнения техники
Продвинутый
Разрешена ли техника по основным соревновательным правилам
— datotsu-bu
FIK Kendo Competition RulesPDFЗаметки по тренировке
✓Kamae are the fundamental stances of Japanese swordsmanship — they are both physical positions and mental states of readiness from which all techniques originate (Draeger, Classical Budo, 1973)
✓The five primary kamae: Chudan no Kamae (middle), Jodan no Kamae (upper), Gedan no Kamae (lower), Hasso no Kamae (eight-phase), and Waki Gamae (side)
✓Each kamae has a specific strategic purpose: it protects certain lines while threatening specific attacks — the choice of kamae communicates intent
✓In kendo, Chudan no Kamae is the default stance: the point threatens the opponent's throat, creating constant pressure
✓Kamae is not just physical positioning — it includes the mental state of zanshin (continued awareness) and the readiness to act
✓The concept of 'kamae wo toku' (dissolving the stance) describes the advanced state where the practitioner is no longer bound to any single kamae
✓Classical schools each emphasize different kamae: Itto-ryu favours Chudan, while Katori Shinto-ryu uses a wider variety of stances
Типичные ошибки
!Holding kamae with excessive tension — the stance must be ready and alert but not rigid
!Using only one kamae — all five stances must be studied and understood for complete swordsmanship
!Treating kamae as a static position — kamae flows into technique; it is a moment of readiness, not a held pose
!Not understanding the strategic intent of each kamae — each stance has offensive and defensive implications
!Adopting kamae without proper grip and posture — the basics of tenouchi (grip) and shisei (posture) must be correct first
!Copying the physical form without the mental component — kamae includes mental readiness and intent
!Not practising transitions between kamae — fluid movement from one stance to another is an essential skill
Связанные техники
Контрприёмы
Цепочка подготовки
1Assume Guard (Kamae/Hut) — take the appropriate ready position with the weapon
2Measure Distance (Ma-ai) — establish correct striking distance
3Initiate Cut/Thrust — execute the technique with proper edge alignment or point control
4Follow Through (Zanshin) — maintain awareness and readiness after the technique
Источники и ссылки
Основной источник
The Book of Five Rings (Miyamoto Musashi, 1645)
1КнигаThe Book of Five Rings (Musashi, 1645)
Alias sources — [1] Ozawa, H., Kendo: The Definitive Guide (Kodansha, 1997) [2] Warner, G. & Draeger, D., Japanese Swordsmanship (Weatherhill, 1982)
2КнигаThe Art of Fencing (Barbasetti, 1932)
Effectiveness sources — [1] Classical Bujutsu (Draeger, 1973)
3ДругоеJapanese Martial Arts Standard Terminology (武道用語)
Established Japanese martial arts naming convention — native Japanese term (和語/漢語)
4ЦитатаThe Book of Five Rings (Musashi, 1645)
Alias sources — [1] Ozawa, H., Kendo: The Definitive Guide (Kodansha, 1997) [2] Warner, G. & Draeger, D., Japanese Swordsmanship (Weatherhill, 1982)
5ЦитатаThe Art of Fencing (Barbasetti, 1932)
Effectiveness sources — [1] Classical Bujutsu (Draeger, 1973)
Сообщество
Атлетизм
Requires
wrist control for edge alignment, grip endurance, footwork precision
Favours
quick wrists, strong forearms, good posture
Key muscles
forearm extensors/flexors, deltoids, core, calves
Подтехники
Ищите по тому, что делает техника, — а не по её названию
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Дистанция
Chudan No Kamae
РодChūdan-no-kamae (middle guard) positions the sword with the tip (kissaki) pointed at the opponent's throat or eyes, the tsuka (handle) held at navel height, embodying the principle of centre-line dominance. [1] Chūdan is the most versatile and commonly used kamae in Japanese swordsmanship, as it simultaneously threatens the opponent's centreline and defends the wielder's torso and head. [1,2] In kendō, chūdan-no-kamae is the default stance from which all basic techniques are initiated and to which the practitioner returns after each exchange. [2,3]
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Gedan No Kamae
РодGedan-no-kamae (low guard) positions the sword with the tip pointed downward toward the opponent's knees, the tsuka held at hip level. [1] Gedan is a defensive and inviting guard that conceals the wielder's intentions while protecting the lower body and threatening upward cuts. [1,2] In kenjutsu the low guard is associated with the element of earth (chi) and is used to invite the opponent's attack to the apparently undefended upper body, enabling counter-techniques. [2,3]
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Hasso No Kamae
РодHassō-no-kamae (eight-direction guard) positions the sword vertically beside the right side of the head, with the tsuka at mouth height and the blade pointing upward. [1] This guard radiates threat in all eight directions (hence its name) and is an aggressive posture that facilitates rapid downward and diagonal cuts. [1,2] Hassō-no-kamae is associated with the element of fire (ka) and is used in kenjutsu to pressure the opponent with the implied threat of explosive cutting from a high position. [2,3]
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Jodan No Kamae
РодJōdan-no-kamae (high guard) raises the sword overhead with the arms extended, threatening an immediate downward cut to any target. [1] Jōdan is the most aggressive of the five standard kamae, projecting dominance and forcing the opponent to respect the imminent overhead strike. [1,2] In kendō, jōdan players (jōdansha) are a distinctive and respected minority who sacrifice the defensive security of chūdan for overwhelming offensive pressure, using the height advantage to power devastating men and kote strikes. [2,3]
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Waki Gamae
РодWaki-gamae (side guard) conceals the sword behind the body with the blade pointing rearward, hiding the weapon's length and the wielder's intent from the opponent. [1] This deceptive guard denies the opponent information about the sword's position, making it difficult to judge distance or predict the line of attack. [1,2] Waki-gamae is associated with the element of wind (fū) in the five-element system and is considered a highly tactical guard used to lure opponents into committed attacks. [2,3]
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Часто задаваемые вопросы
What are the key hand and body positions for chudan stance in naginata?
In chudan no kamai, your wrists should touch your hips, with your body and neck completely straight and no tension in the shoulders. Position your hands with two thumbs above the fist (left on right), keep approximately 90 degrees between your elbow and hips, and maintain the weapon in the center—not too far in or too far out.
What common mistakes should I avoid when moving between kamae positions?
According to Naginata Israel's basics instruction, avoid moving your legs at uneven times—they should move together. Never hold the weapon in the air; keep it close to your body. Also avoid excessive tension and ensure smooth transitions by switching at the center when moving between positions.
How should the weapon be held in waki gamae stance?
In waki gamae, the naginata must be parallel to the ground—not angled up or down. Maintain control at the center and ensure your hands are positioned correctly to support this horizontal alignment.
Как работает Kamae — Stance?
The Kamae subfamily encompasses the five standard sword guards (go-gyō-no-kamae) used across Japanese sword arts — chūdan, jōdan, gedan, hassō, and waki-gamae. Each kamae positions the sword to defend specific lines while threatening others, creating a matrix of tactical options for attack, defence, and counter-attack.
Откуда происходит Kamae — Stance?
The five kamae system is attributed to the classical koryū traditions, with Miyamoto Musashi's Book of Five Rings (1645) providing one of the most influential discussions of guard positions and their tactical applications. The five guards correspond to the five elements (gogyō) in Japanese philosophy — earth, water, fire, wind, and void.
Разрешён ли Kamae — Stance на соревнованиях?
FIK Kendo: разрешён — Legal, valid strike requires correct form (datotsu-bu), spirit (kiai), and fo…
Насколько опасен Kamae — Stance?
Оценка опасности 9/10. Extreme — edged weapons cause fatal lacerations; historical battlefield mortality rates >30% (Amberger 1999)
Как подготовить Kamae — Stance?
Стандартная цепочка подготовки: Assume Guard (Kamae/Hut) → Measure Distance (Ma-ai) → Initiate Cut/Thrust → Follow Through (Zanshin).
Как защититься от Kamae — Stance?
Стандартные контрприёмы: Parry (Absetzen) — deflect the incoming blade with a counter-displacement / Void (Step Back) — withdraw from measure to avoid the cutting arc / Counter-Cut (Nachreisen) — strike into the opponent's opening during their attack.
Какие есть варианты Kamae — Stance?
Распространённые варианты: Standard cut (primary cutting angle from the ready stance); Thrust (tsuki) (straight thrust targeting the throat, chest, or face); Rising cut (kiri-age) (upward diagonal cut from low to high); Diagonal cut (kesa-giri) (downward diagonal cut following the kimono line).
Насколько эффективен Kamae — Stance на соревнованиях?
In kendo competition, chūdan no kamae is used by the vast majority of competitors, while jōdan no kamae is a specialised stance used by some elite competitors.
Какие типичные ошибки при выполнении Kamae — Stance?
Основные ошибки, на которые стоит обратить внимание: Holding kamae with excessive tension — the stance must be ready and alert but not rigid / Using only one kamae — all five stances must be studied and understood for complete swordsmanship / Treating kamae as a static position — kamae flows into technique; it is a moment of readiness, not a held pose / Not understanding the strategic intent of each kamae — each stance has offensive and defensive implications.
Какие ещё названия есть у Kamae — Stance?
Kamae — Stance также известен как Kamae, Kendo Stance, Guard Position, Chudan-no-Kamae (middle guard), Jodan-no-Kamae (high guard).