Guard Transition Drill: German Longsword
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Guard — Huten·Djemps
Guard Transition Drills taken from Tobler's "Fighting with the German Longsword". Hanwei Practical H&H with scabbard so …
Перевод: guard — huten
Дистанция и классификация
Дистанция
БлижняяСредняяДальняя
Обзор
The Guard (Huten) subfamily covers the four principal guards (Vier Leger) of the German longsword tradition — Vom Tag, Ochs, Pflug, and Alber — which form the positional framework from which all attacks and defences originate. [1] Each guard protects specific lines while threatening others: Vom Tag threatens from above, Ochs guards the upper openings while threatening a thrust, Pflug guards the lower openings while threatening a thrust, and Alber invites the opponent's attack while preparing rising cuts. [1],[2] Liechtenauer's system teaches that guards are not static positions but transitional states through which the sword passes during continuous combat flow. [2],[3]
История и происхождение
The four guards are a core element of the Liechtenauer tradition, first recorded in the fourteenth century and glossed in detail by Ringeck, von Danzig, and Talhoffer in the fifteenth century. [1] Fiore dei Liberi's Italian tradition uses a different set of twelve guards (poste) but the tactical logic — controlling lines through guard selection — is analogous. [2],[3]
Страна происхождения· показано в случайном порядке
- ГерманияHEMA, Немецкий длинный меч
- ИталияHEMA
Эффективность
Huten (guards) in the Liechtenauer longsword system serve as both defensive positions and attack platforms, with each guard covering specific lines and enabling specific techniques. [1]
Родословная
The German longsword guard system was codified in the Liechtenauer tradition (14th century onward), described in Fechtbücher by masters like Ringeck, Danzig, and Lew. [1]
Соревновательные результаты
Liechtenauer guards are the starting positions used in HEMA longsword competition worldwide. [1]
Изображения
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Биомеханический механизм
Primary Action — Cutting, thrusting, or striking with a bladed weapon — edge alignment and trajectory determine cutting effectiveness
Joints Involved — Wrists (edge alignment and rotation), elbows (extension for thrusts, chambering for cuts), shoulders (arc of the cut), hips (power generation)
Force Vector — Varies — downward diagonal cut (kesa-giri), horizontal cut (yoko-giri), thrust (tsuki), or rising cut (kiri-age)
Weapon Mechanic — Edge alignment (hasuji) is critical — the blade must travel along its cutting plane for effective cuts
Позиция и вход
From ready stance (chudan-no-kamae or equivalent) — Assume guard position, establish distance (ma-ai), execute the cut or thrust when an opening appears
From engagement distance — Use footwork to close to striking range, execute the technique with proper edge alignment (hasuji)
As counter — Wait for the opponent's attack, deflect or avoid, and counter-cut to the exposed target
Видео
1 video
Изучить технику
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Оценки
Риск травмы для человека, к которому применяется техника
9
Экстремальный9/10
Edged weapons cause fatal lacerations; historical battlefield mortality rates >30% (Amberger 1999)
Уровень мастерства, необходимый для надёжного выполнения техники
Продвинутый
Разрешена ли техника по основным соревновательным правилам
— Traditional martial arts — Practiced in traditional kata/...
— IWUF — Legal in wushu taolu if applicable
IWUF Competition RulesPDFHEMA — Legal in applicable historical weapon categories {src— various organizations
Заметки по тренировке
✓The four guards (Huten or Leger) are the foundational positions of German longsword — they serve as starting points for attacks, defensive positions, and transitional stances (Tobler, Fighting with the German Longsword, 2004)
✓The four primary guards are: Vom Tag (from the roof), Ochs (the ox), Pflug (the plow), and Alber (the fool)
✓Each guard protects specific lines while threatening specific attacks: guards are not passive positions but loaded weapons
✓The guards form a system: transitioning between guards creates a flow of offensive and defensive positions
✓In the Liechtenauer tradition, the guards are beginning and ending positions — the fighter moves through them, not staying in them
✓The concept of Vor (before) and Nach (after) relates to guards: the fighter in Vor attacks from the guard, the fighter in Nach defends into a guard
✓Understanding all four guards is essential: each covers different openings and threatens different attacks
Типичные ошибки
!Staying in a guard position without attacking — guards are transitional; use them as launching points for techniques
!Only using one guard — each guard has strengths and weaknesses; all four must be developed
!Holding the guard with tension — the guard should be ready and loaded but not tense; tension slows response
!Not understanding which attacks each guard threatens — each guard has natural offensive options; know them
!Transitioning between guards without purpose — each transition should either attack or cover an opening
!Treating guards as purely defensive — guards are offensive positions; the sword threatens from every guard
!Not studying the guards in the context of the Zettel — the historical sources explain when and why to use each guard
Связанные техники
Контрприёмы
Цепочка подготовки
1Assume Guard (Kamae/Hut) — take the appropriate ready position with the weapon
2Measure Distance (Ma-ai) — establish correct striking distance
3Initiate Cut/Thrust — execute the technique with proper edge alignment or point control
4Follow Through (Zanshin) — maintain awareness and readiness after the technique
Источники и ссылки
Основной источник
The Art of Combat (Joachim Meyer, 1570)
1КнигаThe Book of Five Rings (Musashi, 1645)
Alias sources — [1] Forgeng, J., The Art of Combat (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) [2] Tobler, C., Fighting with the German Longsword (Freelance Academy Press, 2004)
2КнигаThe Art of Fencing (Barbasetti, 1932)
Effectiveness sources — [1] Fighting with the German Longsword (Tobler, 2004)
3ДругоеJapanese Martial Arts Hybrid Terminology
Mixed Japanese-Western terminology — combines traditional Japanese terms with katakana loanwords
4ЦитатаThe Book of Five Rings (Musashi, 1645)
Alias sources — [1] Forgeng, J., The Art of Combat (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) [2] Tobler, C., Fighting with the German Longsword (Freelance Academy Press, 2004)
5ЦитатаThe Art of Fencing (Barbasetti, 1932)
Effectiveness sources — [1] Fighting with the German Longsword (Tobler, 2004)
Сообщество
Атлетизм
Requires
wrist control for edge alignment, grip endurance, footwork precision
Favours
quick wrists, strong forearms, good posture
Key muscles
forearm extensors/flexors, deltoids, core, calves
Подтехники
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Дистанция
Alber
РодAlber (the fool) is the low guard that positions the longsword with the point directed toward the ground in front of the fencer, arms extended downward. [1] Alber is considered a provocative or 'foolish' guard because it appears to leave the upper body completely open, inviting the opponent to attack — which is precisely its tactical purpose, as it sets up counter-cuts and Unterhau responses. [1,2] Ringeck and von Danzig note that Alber is used to draw the opponent into over-committing to an attack. [2,3]
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Ochs
РодOchs (the ox) is a high guard that positions the longsword beside the head with the point aimed at the opponent's face or upper chest, hilt at temple height. [1] Ochs threatens an immediate thrust to the opponent's face while simultaneously protecting the upper line with the crossguard and blade. [1,2] The guard can be held on either side of the head, with left Ochs and right Ochs covering different lines and threatening different angles of thrust. [2,3]
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Pflug
РодPflug (the plough) positions the longsword at hip level with the point aimed at the opponent's chest or throat, resembling the forward-pointing share of a plough. [1] Pflug is the mirror image of Ochs applied to the lower line, guarding the midsection while threatening a powerful centreline thrust. [1,2] Like Ochs, Pflug can be held on either side of the body, and transitioning between left and right Pflug is a fundamental defensive movement that redirects incoming attacks. [2,3]
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Vom Tag
РодVom Tag ('from the roof' or 'from the day') is the high guard that raises the longsword above or behind the head, poised to deliver powerful descending cuts. [1] Vom Tag is the most aggressive of the four principal guards, threatening devastating Oberhau and Zornhau cuts with maximum gravitational and rotational force. [1,2] The guard has several variants — with the sword held over the right shoulder, directly overhead, or behind the head — each offering slightly different tactical properties. [2,3]
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Часто задаваемые вопросы
Как работает Guard — Huten?
The Guard (Huten) subfamily covers the four principal guards (Vier Leger) of the German longsword tradition — Vom Tag, Ochs, Pflug, and Alber — which form the positional framework from which all attacks and defences originate. Each guard protects specific lines while threatening others: Vom Tag threatens from above, Ochs guards the upper openings while threatening a thrust, Pflug guards the lower openings while threatening a thrust, and Alber invites the opponent's attack while preparing rising cuts.
Откуда происходит Guard — Huten?
The four guards are a core element of the Liechtenauer tradition, first recorded in the fourteenth century and glossed in detail by Ringeck, von Danzig, and Talhoffer in the fifteenth century. Fiore dei Liberi's Italian tradition uses a different set of twelve guards (poste) but the tactical logic — controlling lines through guard selection — is analogous.
Разрешён ли Guard — Huten на соревнованиях?
Traditional martial arts: разрешён — Practiced in traditional kata/forms and weapon-specific competition under var…; IWUF: разрешён — Legal in wushu taolu if applicable; HEMA: разрешён — Legal in applicable historical weapon categories
Насколько опасен Guard — Huten?
Оценка опасности 9/10. Extreme — edged weapons cause fatal lacerations; historical battlefield mortality rates >30% (Amberger 1999)
Как подготовить Guard — Huten?
Стандартная цепочка подготовки: Assume Guard (Kamae/Hut) → Measure Distance (Ma-ai) → Initiate Cut/Thrust → Follow Through (Zanshin).
Как защититься от Guard — Huten?
Стандартные контрприёмы: Parry (Absetzen) — deflect the incoming blade with a counter-displacement / Void (Step Back) — withdraw from measure to avoid the cutting arc / Counter-Cut (Nachreisen) — strike into the opponent's opening during their attack.
Какие есть варианты Guard — Huten?
Распространённые варианты: Standard cut (primary cutting angle from the ready stance); Thrust (tsuki) (straight thrust targeting the throat, chest, or face); Rising cut (kiri-age) (upward diagonal cut from low to high); Diagonal cut (kesa-giri) (downward diagonal cut following the kimono line).
Насколько эффективен Guard — Huten на соревнованиях?
Liechtenauer guards are the starting positions used in HEMA longsword competition worldwide.
Какие типичные ошибки при выполнении Guard — Huten?
Основные ошибки, на которые стоит обратить внимание: Staying in a guard position without attacking — guards are transitional; use them as launching points for techniques / Only using one guard — each guard has strengths and weaknesses; all four must be developed / Holding the guard with tension — the guard should be ready and loaded but not tense; tension slows response / Not understanding which attacks each guard threatens — each guard has natural offensive options; know them.
Какие ещё названия есть у Guard — Huten?
Guard — Huten также известен как Kamae / Hūten, Huten, Leger, Longsword Guards, Four Guards.