Броски ногами — аши-вадза

The Foot Sweep Throw family encompasses all ashi-waza techniques in which the thrower uses a sweeping motion of the sole or side of the foot to displace the opponent's supporting foot, removing the base and causing the opponent to fall. [1] Foot sweeps are distinguished from reaps by the direction and nature of the leg action: sweeps travel along the mat surface in an arc, brushing the opponent's foot away, while reaps drive through the leg with a more linear force. [1,2] The four principal foot sweeps in judo — de-ashi-barai, okuri-ashi-barai, harai-tsurikomi-ashi, and sasae-tsurikomi-ashi — represent progressively more complex applications of sweeping mechanics combined with hand control (tsurikomi). [2,3] Foot sweeps require exceptional timing, as the sweep must arrive at the precise instant the opponent's weight is transferring onto the targeted foot. [3,4]

The Hooking Throw family encompasses ashi-waza techniques in which the thrower uses the foot or leg to hook behind or around the opponent's leg, trapping it and preventing retreat while the upper body is driven in the opposite direction. [1] Hooking throws differ from sweeps and reaps in the nature of the leg contact: the hooking action wraps around the opponent's leg, creating a fixed attachment point rather than a brushing or driving action. [1,2] The two principal hooking throws in judo — ko-soto-gake and o-soto-gake — apply the hooking principle to the outside of the opponent's leg at different ranges, with ko-soto targeting the ankle and o-soto targeting higher on the leg. [2,3]

Семейство бросков «подхват под бедро» строится вокруг ути-мата — одного из наиболее почитаемых и эффективных бросков в дзюдо, при котором бросающий заводит заднюю поверхность бедра или ноги снизу-вверх между ног противника, приподнимая и вращая его через себя. [1] Техники ути-мата сочетают элементы бросков через бедро и подножек: подхватывающее движение изнутри бедра служит основным подъёмным механизмом, а вращение корпуса завершает бросок. [1,2] Семейство включает классический ути-мата и его варианты — аси (ножной вариант), кен-кен (прыжковый) и контрброски — каждый из которых адаптирует базовый принцип подхвата изнутри бедра к различным тактическим ситуациям и типам телосложения. [2,3] Ути-мата на протяжении нескольких десятилетий статистически остаётся наиболее часто оцениваемым броском на международных соревнованиях по дзюдо, что свидетельствует о его эффективности и универсальности. [3,4]

The Major Inner Reap family covers ashi-waza techniques in which the thrower reaps the opponent's leg from the inside, driving the attacking leg between the opponent's legs to sweep away the supporting foot or leg. [1] Inner reaping techniques (uchi-gari) attack the opponent's base from the inside line, which is often less well defended than the outside, creating powerful close-range throws that are difficult to counter. [1,2] The two primary techniques — o-uchi-gari (major inner reap) and ko-uchi-gari (minor inner reap) — attack different legs and at different ranges, forming one of the most important attacking combinations in judo. [2,3]

The Major Outer Reap family covers ashi-waza techniques in which the thrower reaps the opponent's leg from the outside, driving the attacking leg against the back of the opponent's supporting leg to sweep it away while forcing the upper body backward. [1] Outer reaping techniques (soto-gari and soto-otoshi) are among the most powerful throws in judo, generating tremendous force through the combination of a sweeping leg action and strong rearward upper-body drive. [1,2] The family includes o-soto-gari (major outer reap), one of judo's most iconic and frequently taught throws, along with o-soto-otoshi (major outer drop), which uses a blocking rather than sweeping leg action. [2,3]