HEMA Longsword Fighting
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HEMA Strike·Federico Malagutti HEMA
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Перевод: Historical European Martial Arts sword cutting techniques
Дистанция и классификация
Дистанция
БлижняяСредняяДальняя
Обзор
The HEMA Strike family encompasses the offensive cutting techniques (Hauw/Hau) of the German longsword tradition. [1] The Liechtenauer system organizes sword strikes into a hierarchy: the five Meisterhauwe (master cuts) — Zornhau (wrath cut), Krumphau (crooked cut), Zwerchau (cross cut), Schielhau (squinting cut), and Scheitelhau (parting cut) — sit at the pinnacle, each designed to defeat a specific guard or situation. [1],[2] Below the master cuts are the common cuts (Gemeine Hauw): Oberhau (overhead cut), Unterhau (rising cut), Mittelhau (middle cut), and their diagonal and horizontal variants. [1] Each cut follows a specific trajectory, uses the true or false edge of the blade, and is mechanically linked to specific guards as starting and ending positions. [2] The family also includes thrusts (Stich), although the German tradition emphasizes cutting as the primary offensive action. [1],[2]
HauwHauCutLongsword CutHEMA CutSword Strike
История и происхождение
HEMA cutting techniques originate in the Kunst des Fechtens (Art of Fighting) tradition attributed to Johannes Liechtenauer in the 14th century. [1] The Zettel (epitome) organizes cuts into a systematic hierarchy, with the five master cuts (Meisterhauwe) representing the most advanced offensive concepts. [1],[2] These techniques were transmitted through the Fechtbücher (fight books) of masters including Sigmund Ringeck (c. 1440), Peter von Danzig (1452), Hans Talhoffer (1459), and Paulus Kal (1470). [2] The Italian tradition under Fiore dei Liberi (Fior di Battaglia, 1409) developed parallel cutting systems with different terminology but similar biomechanical principles. Modern HEMA practitioners reconstruct these cutting techniques from manuscript study combined with test cutting on physical targets. [1],[2]
Страна происхождения· показано в случайном порядке
- ГерманияHEMA, Немецкий длинный меч, Kunst des Fechtens
- ИталияHEMA
Эффективность
Longsword cuts are among the most powerful bladed weapon attacks, capable of severing limbs and inflicting lethal wounds on unarmored targets. [1] The five master cuts are considered the peak of the system's offensive capability because each is designed to simultaneously attack and defend — the Zornhau defeats Vom Tag, the Krumphau defeats Ochs, the Zwerchau defeats Pflug, and so on. [1],[2] The systematic pairing of master cuts against specific guards means that a trained fighter always has a correct offensive response to any defensive position the opponent adopts. [2]
Родословная
German longsword lineage: Johannes Liechtenauer (14th century) → transmitted through the Gesellschaft Liechtenauers (Society of Liechtenauer) → documented in Fechtbücher by Sigmund Ringeck (c. 1440), Peter von Danzig (1452), Hans Talhoffer (1459), and Paulus Kal (1470). Reconstructed in modern HEMA from manuscript study beginning in the 1990s–2000s. [1]
Соревновательные результаты
Used in modern HEMA longsword tournaments sanctioned by HEMAA, HEMA Alliance, and regional federations. Scoring varies by ruleset (afterblow, first-touch, or exchange-based). [1]
Изображения
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Биомеханический механизм
Primary Action — Swinging the longsword in a controlled arc to deliver the edge to the target
Joints Involved — Shoulders (arc generation), wrists (edge alignment), hips (rotation and stepping), core (power transfer)
Force Vector — Varies by cut — descending (Oberhau), ascending (Unterhau), horizontal (Mittelhau), diagonal, or vertical (Scheitelhau)
Key Principle — Cuts travel between guard positions — every cut begins in one guard and ends in another, maintaining constant defensive coverage
Позиция и вход
From Vom Tag (high guard) — Drive a powerful Oberhau (overhead cut) diagonally down toward the opponent
From Alber (fool's guard) — Launch an Unterhau (rising cut) from below upward into the opponent
From Ochs (ox guard) — Deliver a Zwerchau (cross cut) horizontally with a stepping action
Видео
HEMA Fight Breakdown: High vs Low Guards
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HEMA Strike·HEMA Fight Breakdowns
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Изучить технику
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Оценки
Риск травмы для человека, к которому применяется техника
10
Экстремальный10/10
Longsword cuts to unarmored targets are lethal. Even in padded HEMA tournament sparring, cuts cause bruises, concussions, and broken fingers.
Уровень мастерства, необходимый для надёжного выполнения техники
Средний
Разрешена ли техника по основным соревновательным правилам
HEMA tournamentsHEMAA/HEMA AllianceSCA Heavy Combat
Заметки по тренировке
✓Every cut must begin and end in a named guard — never let the sword hang after a cut
✓Use the whole body to generate power — cuts driven by the arms alone are weak
✓Edge alignment is critical — the flat of the blade bouncing off a target means poor alignment
✓Master the five Meisterhauwe before advancing to complex technique — they are the complete offensive system
✓Practice cutting on tatami mats or pool noodles to develop proper edge alignment and power
✓The sword must accelerate through the target, not decelerate on contact
Типичные ошибки
!Cutting with the arms only — the hips and core must drive the cut
!Poor edge alignment — the blade contacts with the flat instead of the edge
!Not finishing cuts in a guard — leaves the fighter exposed
!Over-extending — reaching too far compromises structure and balance
!Telegraphing — large wind-up movements are easy to read and counter
!Cutting to the same line repeatedly — predictable attacks are easily countered
Связанные техники
Контрприёмы
Цепочка подготовки
1Zufechten (opening approach) → choose guard → launch master cut based on opponent's guard
2Feint Oberhau → opponent raises to parry high → convert to Unterhau (rising cut) below
3Bind blades → feel opponent's pressure (Fühlen) → wind to cut around their defense
Источники и ссылки
Основной источник
Clements, J. (1998). Medieval Swordsmanship. Paladin Press.
1КнигаClements, J. (1998). Medieval Swordsmanship. Paladin Press.
[1] Clements, Medieval Swordsmanship (1998), chapters on the five master cuts and common cuts
2КнигаTobler, C.H. (2004). Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Chivalry Bookshelf.
[2] Tobler, Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship (2004), translations of Ringeck and von Danzig glosses on cutting technique
3ЦитатаClements, J. (1998). Medieval Swordsmanship. Paladin Press.
[1] Clements, Medieval Swordsmanship (1998), chapters on the five master cuts and common cuts
4ЦитатаTobler, C.H. (2004). Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Chivalry Bookshelf.
[2] Tobler, Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship (2004), translations of Ringeck and von Danzig glosses on cutting technique
Сообщество
Атлетизм
Requires
upper body strength for repeated cutting, edge alignment precision, footwork coordination
Favours
taller fighters with reach advantage, strong grip
Key muscles
deltoids and lats (swing arc), forearms (grip and edge control), core obliques (rotation), legs (stepping and power transfer)
Подтехники
Ищите по тому, что делает техника, — а не по её названию
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Дистанция
Часто задаваемые вопросы
What guard position should I use to counter an opponent with their sword pointed downward?
A high vom tog is designed to counter fool positions, where your opponent's sword is pointed towards the ground. By moving into this high guard with the express purpose of countering fool, you can control the engagement.
How do I control where an engagement takes place in HEMA sparring?
You can establish a high guard position to encourage your opponent to either engage at that level or retreat to a lower position; understanding these positional choices allows you to dictate the type of fight you want to have.
Как работает HEMA Strike?
The HEMA Strike family encompasses the offensive cutting techniques (Hauw/Hau) of the German longsword tradition. The Liechtenauer system organizes sword strikes into a hierarchy: the five Meisterhauwe (master cuts) — Zornhau (wrath cut), Krumphau (crooked cut), Zwerchau (cross cut), Schielhau (squinting cut), and Scheitelhau (parting cut) — sit at the pinnacle, each designed to defeat a specific guard or situation.
Откуда происходит HEMA Strike?
HEMA cutting techniques originate in the Kunst des Fechtens (Art of Fighting) tradition attributed to Johannes Liechtenauer in the 14th century. The Zettel (epitome) organizes cuts into a systematic hierarchy, with the five master cuts (Meisterhauwe) representing the most advanced offensive concepts.
Разрешён ли HEMA Strike на соревнованиях?
HEMA tournaments: Legal: разрешён — cuts are the primary scoring action in longsword competition; HEMAA/HEMA Alliance: Legal: разрешён — recognized in all affiliated tournaments; SCA Heavy Combat: Legal: разрешён — cuts are the foundation of armored combat
Насколько опасен HEMA Strike?
Оценка опасности 10/10. Extreme — longsword cuts to unarmored targets are lethal. Even in padded HEMA tournament sparring, cuts cause bruises, concussions, and broken fingers.
Как подготовить HEMA Strike?
Стандартная цепочка подготовки: Zufechten (opening approach) → choose guard → launch master cut based on opponent's guard → Feint Oberhau → opponent raises to parry high → convert to Unterhau (rising cut) below → Bind blades → feel opponent's pressure (Fühlen) → wind to cut around their defense.
Как защититься от HEMA Strike?
Стандартные контрприёмы: Absetzen — set aside the cut while counter-thrusting / Nachreisen — attack into the opponent's preparation before their cut arrives / Versetzen — displace the incoming cut and redirect / Zucken — pull the blade free to attack from a different angle.
Какие есть варианты HEMA Strike?
Распространённые варианты: Zornhau (wrath cut (powerful diagonal descending from the shoulder)); Krumphau (crooked cut (cut with crossed wrists to attack the hands …); Zwerchau (cross cut (horizontal cut with a stepping action)); Schielhau (squinting cut (short diagonal cut to defeat specific guards)); Scheitelhau (parting cut (vertical descending cut to the crown; see ch…); Oberhau (overhead cut (standard descending cut)); Unterhau (rising cut (ascending cut from below)).
Насколько эффективен HEMA Strike на соревнованиях?
Used in modern HEMA longsword tournaments sanctioned by HEMAA, HEMA Alliance, and regional federations. Scoring varies by ruleset (afterblow, first-touch, or exchange-based).
Какие типичные ошибки при выполнении HEMA Strike?
Основные ошибки, на которые стоит обратить внимание: Cutting with the arms only — the hips and core must drive the cut / Poor edge alignment — the blade contacts with the flat instead of the edge / Not finishing cuts in a guard — leaves the fighter exposed / Over-extending — reaching too far compromises structure and balance.
Какие ещё названия есть у HEMA Strike?
HEMA Strike также известен как HEMA Sutoraiku, Hauw, Hau, Cut, Longsword Cut.